Bijective proofs for Schur function identities which imply Dodgson's condensation formula and Pl\"ucker relations

We present a ``method'' for bijective proofs for determinant identities, which is based on translating determinants to Schur functions by the Jacobi--Trudi identity. We illustrate this ``method'' by generalizing a bijective construction (which was first used by Goulden) to a class of Schur function identities, from which we shall obtain bijective proofs for Dodgson's condensation formula, Pl\"ucker relations and a recent identity of the second author.Comment: Co-author Michael Kleber added a new proof of his theorem by inclusion-exclusio

READ-BAD: A New Dataset and Evaluation Scheme for Baseline Detection in Archival Documents

Text line detection is crucial for any application associated with Automatic Text Recognition or Keyword Spotting. Modern algorithms perform good on well-established datasets since they either comprise clean data or simple/homogeneous page layouts. We have collected and annotated 2036 archival document images from different locations and time periods. The dataset contains varying page layouts and degradations that challenge text line segmentation methods. Well established text line segmentation evaluation schemes such as the Detection Rate or Recognition Accuracy demand for binarized data that is annotated on a pixel level. Producing ground truth by these means is laborious and not needed to determine a method's quality. In this paper we propose a new evaluation scheme that is based on baselines. The proposed scheme has no need for binarization and it can handle skewed as well as rotated text lines. The ICDAR 2017 Competition on Baseline Detection and the ICDAR 2017 Competition on Layout Analysis for Challenging Medieval Manuscripts used this evaluation scheme. Finally, we present results achieved by a recently published text line detection algorithm.Comment: Submitted to DAS201

Narrativas en la construcción de marcas: storytelling y la comunicación de marketing

Nos últimos anos, o termo storytelling passou a fazer parte das discussões sobre estratégias de comunicação e marketing nas empresas. Observando essa tendência, este artigo traz um resgate das origens das relações entre a comunicação mercadológica e narrativas, além de apresentar como a temática tem movimentado o mercado e as atuações de agências e empresas. Além disso, faz uma breve observação sobre campanhas publicitárias e ações de comunicação mercadológica que contam histórias, finalizando com uma discussão sobre o futuro do tema.In recent years the term storytelling became part of the discussions on communication and marketing strategies in companies. Observing this trend, this paper presents a retrieval of the origins of the relationship between marketing communication and narratives, in addition to presenting how the issue has stirred the market and the actions of agencies and companies. Furthermore, it offers a brief note about advertising campaigns and marketing communication actions that tell stories, ending with a discussion on the future of the theme.En los últimos años, el término storytelling pasó a formar parte de las discusiones sobre las estrategias de comunicación y marketing en las empresas. Observando esta tendencia, este trabajo hace un rescate de los orígenes de la relación entre la comunicación mercadológica y narraciones, y presenta cómo el tema ha despertado el mercado y las acciones de las agencias y empresas. Además, hace una breve nota sobre las campañas de publicidad y acciones de comunicación que cuentan historias, y termina con una discusión sobre el futuro de la temática

Micronutrient Concentrations in Soil and Wheat Decline by Long-Term Tillage and Winter Wheat–Pea Rotation

Tillage plays a major role in nutrient dynamics under dryland cropping systems, but there remains uncertainty regarding the long-term impacts of tillage on nutrient availability. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of tillage intensity and timing on micronutrient concentration of soils and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under dryland winter wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L.) or WW-P rotation. The treatments included moldboard tillage in fall (FT) and spring (ST), disk/chisel tillage (DT), and no-tillage (NT). The concentrations of Mehlich III extractable boron, manganese, zinc, copper, and iron in soil were unaffected by the tillage methods; however, a significant decline in extractable zinc in the top 10 cm soil was observed compared to an adjacent undisturbed grass pasture (GP) (NT: 2.3 mg kg−1 vs. GP: 6.0 mg kg−1). In the upper 10 cm soil surface, NT (123 mg kg−1) maintained the extractable manganese concentration with GP (175 mg kg−1) whereas FT (97 mg kg−1), ST (92 mg kg−1), and DT (113 mg kg−1) had lower manganese than GP. Soil pH declined in the upper 10 cm under NT more than in the rest of the WW-P treatments. The results suggest NT can play a vital role in sustaining micronutrient availability due to decreased soil pH and the greater amount of organic matter within the surface soil of NT compared to other tillage method

Macronutrients in Soil and Wheat as Affected by a Long-Term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat-Fallow Rotation

The insights gained from the long-term impacts of tillage and N fertilization on soil fertility are crucial for the development of sustainable cropping systems. The objectives of this study were to quantify the effects of 75 years of tillage and N fertilization on macronutrients in soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tissues grown in a winter wheat–summer fallow rotation. The experiment included three types of tillage (disc, DP; sweep, SW; and moldboard, MP) and five N application rates (0, 45, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha−1). Soil and tissue samples were analyzed for the concentration of total N, S, and C, Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg, Ca in the soil, and the total concentration of the same nutrients in wheat tissue. Soil N concentration was significantly greater under DP (1.10 g kg−1) than under MP (1.03 g kg−1). The P concentration in upper 20 cm soil depth increased with increased N rates. Comparison of experiment plots to a nearby undisturbed pasture revealed a decline of P (32%), SOC (34%), Mg (77%), and Ca (86%) in the top 10 cm soil depth. The results suggest that DP with high N rates could reduce the macronutrient decline in soil and plant over time

Marcas organizacionales y el patrocinio de causas sociales alternativas: el daltonismo

Em um mercado com alta competitividade e saturação, valores de marcas podem ter papel decisivo na diferenciação e decisão de compra por parte dos consumidores. Essa pesquisa analisa a importância do investimento em causas sociais, não como obrigação ou autopromoção, mas como abordagem que deve se tornar premissa básica e parte da cultura das organizações. O recorte da pesquisa volta-se ao estudo de causas sociais menos difundidas ou de menor repercussão midiática, procurando verificar se o investimento nelas pode se refletir em valores para marcas, assim como se espera do apoio a causas mais conhecidas, como o câncer, a pobreza ou a fome. O estudo se complementa a partir de entrevistas em profundidade com executivos do Grupo Abril e da Volkswagen do Brasil, para avaliar como essas organizações se posicionam frente à possibilidade de investir em causas menos conhecidas, por exemplo o daltonismo.In a market with a high level of competiveness and saturation the values of trademarks can have a decisive role in the differentiation and in the purchasing decisions of consumers. This research analyzes the importance of investment in social causes, not as an obligation of self-promotion, but rather as an approach that must become a basic premise and a part of the culture of the organizations. The clipping of the research addresses the study of less diffused social causes, or of those that have less mediatic repercussion, seeking to verify if the investment in them can be reflected in value for the trademarks, such as one expects of the support of better-known causes, such as cancer, poverty or hunger. The study is supplemented by profound interviews held with executives of the Abril Group and of Volkswagen do Brasil, in order to assess how the organizations position themselves in relation to the possibility of investing in less-known causes, such as daltonism for example.En un mercado de alta competitividad y saturación, valores de marcas pueden tener un papel decisivo en la diferenciación y decisión de compra de parte de los consumidores. Esta investigación analiza la importancia de la inversión en causas sociales, no como obligación o autopromoción, sino como abordaje que debe tornarse premisa básica y parte de la cultura de las organizaciones. El recorte de la investigación se dirige al estudio de causas sociales menos difundidas o de menor repercusión mediática, procurando verificar si la inversión en ellas puede reflejarse en valores para marcas, así como se espera el apoyo a causas más conocidas, como el cáncer, la pobreza o el hambre. El estudio se complementa a partir de entrevistas en profundidad con ejecutivos del Grupo Abril y de la Volkswagen del Brasil, para evaluar cómo esas organizaciones se posicionan frente a la posibilidad de investir en causas menos conocidas, por ejemplo el daltonismo

Long-Term Litter Decomposition Controlled by Manganese Redox Cycling

Litter decomposition is a keystone ecosystem process impacting nutrient cycling and productivity, soil properties, and the terrestrial carbon (C) balance, but the factors regulating decomposition rate are still poorly understood. Traditional models assume that the rate is controlled by litter quality, relying on parameters such as lignin content as predictors. However, a strong correlation has been observed between the manganese (Mn) content of litter and decomposition rates across a variety of forest ecosystems. Here, we show that long-term litter decomposition in forest ecosystems is tightly coupled to Mn redox cycling. Over 7 years of litter decomposition, microbial transformation of litter was paralleled by variations in Mn oxidation state and concentration. A detailed chemical imaging analysis of the litter revealed that fungi recruit and redistribute unreactive Mn2+ provided by fresh plant litter to produce oxidative Mn3+ species at sites of active decay, with Mn eventually accumulating as insoluble Mn3+/4+ oxides. Formation of reactive Mn3+ species coincided with the generation of aromatic oxidation products, providing direct proof of the previously posited role of Mn3+-based oxidizers in the breakdown of litter. Our results suggest that the litter-decomposing machinery at our coniferous forest site depends on the ability of plants and microbes to supply, accumulate, and regenerate short-lived Mn3+ species in the litter layer. This observation indicates that biogeochemical constraints on bioavailability, mobility, and reactivity of Mn in the plant–soil system may have a profound impact on litter decomposition rates